The main aim of my research is to analyze the foreign policy approaches of the european union eu toward the arab spring incidents in tunis and egypt in the field of contemporary international relations. Arabs turned out to be unwilling any longer to accept repres. The european union and the united states, taken by surprise by the sudden outbreak of the arab spring, have had to accept their lack of. I use islamic state to refer to the group previously known as the islamic state of iraq isi, october 2006april 20, the islamic state of iraq and sham april 20june 2014. Jan, 2012 the drivers of the arab spring events have first and foremost been the mobilized masses enabled by technology and youth, the role played by the military and regime security forces, and the intervention by outside forces. This one is helping negotiate peace throughout the middle east. This book examines the eu s response to the arab spring, from late 2010 to the beginning of 2014. Along with libya, these four countries united in a regional free trade area under the agadir agreement1 make up the. In response to the arab spring, the eu is launching negotiations for deep and comprehensive free trade agreements dcftas with four arab countries in transition egypt, jordan, morocco and tunisia. Options international studies association isa 53rd annual meeting 14 april 2012, san diego, ca, united states niklas bremberg dept. Making sense of the eus response to the arab uprisings. In april 2011, france temporarily reimposed border checks with italy, after the political unrest unleashed by the arab spring led.
Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. The arab spring and statesociety relationship in the arab world if one imagines that the arab spring marked the beginning of a new era of statesociety relation. Whether they are mistaken for gaddafis militiamen or simply. Pdf on jan 1, 2015, marzena arazna published the arab spring and its influence on european. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010 and 2011, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Europe and the arab revolutions userpage arab relations post january 2011. The eu took note of the developments unfolding in many arab countries and was forced to respond urgently to the new challenges.
Oct 22, 2018 european union external action, remarks by hrvp mogherini at the press conference following ministerial meetings of the eu e3 and eu e3 and iran, may 15, 2018, eu. The eu trade and investment agenda transnational institute. They may assist or obstruct, but they cannot determine the course of events. Among the most influential analyses of military behavior in the arab spring is eva bellins article reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the middle east bellin, 2012. Lse ideas after the arab spring london school of economics. Pdf analysis and background of the arab spring in libya. It began in 2010 and still continues in one form or another, whether in continued violent conflict or continual regime change due to an uncertain citizenry. The arab spring and the eus democracy promotion in egypt. Pdf the arab spring and its influence on european union policy.
The eu s strategic response to the arab spring came as early as 8 march 2011, with the joint communication of the high representativevice president catherine ashton and the commission proposing a partnership for democracy and shared prosperity with the southern mediterranean. The contents of this volume are the sole responsibility of the editor and authors and can under no circumstances be regarded as. Bashar alassads government brutally suppressed mass protests which began on 15 march 2011. Rethinking western policies in light of the arab uprisings. European neighborhood policy enp and the arab spring author. From the arab spring to the great march of return arab. The analogy of other arab spring revolutions is relevant. International efforts to safeguard heritage under fire. With centrifugal forces gaining the upper hand in the region, the eu will have to conceive as many different approaches as the new situation requires.
Culture and society migrations the schengen crisis in the. Instead, a new arab political identity with an antidespotic, pluralis t and democracyseekin g approach is dawning. Turkeys entry into the eu, spains mediterranean policy, and. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. Indeed, the current crisis in algeria goes back in history to the arab spring, when social problems remained unresolved, political reorganization in the aftermath was patchy, and voters and institutions were bribed into acquiescence with oilrevenue splurges and promises. But political tensions between schengen members have arisen on other fronts, too. Saudi arabia has important role to play in africa, says.
Turkeys role in the arab spring and the syrian conflict tpq. Supporting libyan rebels by supplying their weaponry 21 overshadows reports of migrant workers as the victims of rebel violence. The events of the arab spring were an inevitable surprise. Syria this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Even the emerging literature on the eu s arab spring sanctions points at a more complex reality than the one sketched in eu policy documents, hinting at crosscase variation in explanatory factors portela 2012, 1. The arab spring therefore has demonstrated a strong regional dynamic. Mar 06, 2021 today, the arab streets may appear quiet, but that burning feeling of injustice, that drive for freedom are still there, simmering under surface, ready to erupt and sweep arab authoritarians and.
The wave began when protests in tunisia and egypt toppled their regimes in quick succession, inspiring similar attempts in other arab countries. Regional overview on the middle east and north africa. Bouazizi burned himself in the tunisian town of sidi bouzid. These academic and policy oriented analyses, first, highlight the unaddressed conflict between different eu foreign policy objectives in the mediterranean after the socalled arab spring, stressing that eu democracy promotion efforts are. The arab spring took the european union caught the eu off guard and demonstrated the vibrancy of the arab civil society. The arab spring and the death toll in the mediterranean by marie martin 3 some of the violence is the result of the eu s action, or inaction. Thus, studying the eus responses to the arab uprisings seems to provide. Spring, which has since led to more illegal migrations to the eu and north america. Implications for economic integration edited by michael gasiorek abcde this edited volume has been produced with the financial assistance of the european union within the context of femise.
Spring, eastern europe and the enlargement process. Responding to the arab spring and rising populism european. Arab spring, turkeys relations with israel at an alltime low, the countrys belated public support for the revolution in syria and an escalation of the cypruseuropean union eu issue, it is questionable whether this zero problems policy is still relevant or workable. Arab gulf states even more towards asia and to a more wary attitude towards. The arab spring of discontent einternational relations. From tunisia, the protests then spread to five other countries. European union institute for security studies may 2017 1 when the arab spring occurred in 2011, many observers both in the middle east and north africa menaope,and saweur the popular uprisings as a chance to enact regionwide reforms and advance towards more accountable, democratic and economically sus.
The deadline for the drafts of the 19 reports from the middle east and north africa was the end of january 2011 thus, exactly the point at which tunisia and egypt. The iranian green movement 26 the silence of fear shattered by the voice of protests in iran. This report assesses the impact of the arab spring on the mena region, drawing on briefings, reports. The eu s faltering response to the arab revolutions by edward burke before the arab spring, the eu believed it could promote political reform through economic liberalisation. Arab countries the eu has maintained a discourse of.
As in 1848, the arab revolutions of 2011 aim to bring down despotic regimes. As changes differ, so must responses to the arab spring do the same. To a throughout the first seven months of the arab spring, starting with the selfimmolation of mohammed bouazizi in the tunisian town of sidi bouzid on december 17, 2010, the eu clearly revealed. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Little is known, however, about how these conditions combine to produce eu sanctions.
The arab spring, the eurozone crisis and the neighbourhood gov. These developments have been consolidated by the arab spring. In april 2011, france temporarily reimposed border checks with italy, after the political unrest unleashed by the arab spring led to a rise in uncontrolled migration from tunisia to the. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Arab spring, european union, european neighborhood policy, migration.
Burning israeli and us flags has been at most a sideshow. Since the arab spring, the eu s response has produced limited results. The arab spring and the eus democracy promotion in. The 2015 nobel peace prize was awarded to the national dia. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following.
Charles glass a cautionary lament for the last gasp of what once was the levant jonathan randal. Termed the arab spring, the massive wave of popular unrest that had began to shake the arab region began in tunisia in 2010 when a vendor protesting against police brutality set himself a blaze. However, the response of the eu to the arab uprisings still suffered from a lack of coherence. The european union and the united states, taken by surprise by the sudden outbreak of the arab spring, have had to accept their lack of influence over these revolutionary upheavals. The arab spring and the death toll in the mediterranean statewatch. Since its commencement during the upsurge of the arab. These academic and policy oriented analyses, first, highlight the unaddressed conflict between different eu foreign policy objectives in the mediterranean after the socalled arab spring, stressing that eu. Roots and causes of the arab uprisings there is a consensu s among politica l analysts regardin g the cocktai l of major factors that, when combined, created the socia l explosio n known as the 2011 arab uprisings. Eu, the arab countries did not have an economic model to. Analysis the arab spring and the death toll in the.
Gulf and eu migration policies after the arab uprisings. It investigates how far the eu changed its policies towards the middle east and north africa mena region in the aftermath of the arab spring, and what impact european policies had in either helping or hindering democratization reforms during this period. Bahrain and the global balance of power after the arab spring. Del sarto johns hopkins university, sais europe european university institute, robert schuman centre for advanced studies abstract focusing on the eu s relations with its periphery, this paper takes issue both with persistent. In tunisia, ben ali ordered rachid ammar, the head of the army to fire on protestors. After the january 25 protests in egypt, secretary of state hillary clinton stated.
Youth frustration and the arab spring 5 spring will require the participation of youth, as well as policies and programs that address the concerns of youth in both the short and longterm. Key exports include textiles and clothing, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates. The arab spring and the death toll in the mediterranean by marie martin 1. The arab spring demonstrated that public opinion can powerfully affect the regions political life. Pdf foreign policy approach of the eu toward the arab. About the author hamid dabashi is the hagop kevorkian professor of iranian studies and comparative literature at columbia university. The paper concludes with a look forward and some thoughts on economic and political stability in the arab world and the lessons to be learned. Except where otherwise noted content on this site is licensed under a creative commons 2.
So lets return to 17 december 2010, the day that mohamed bouazizi set himself on fire in the tunisian town. For years, the arab spring states have thwarted the development of alternative leadership outside the governing regimes. In this paper, i will address this puzzle by developing a typology of revolutions and applying it to the arab spring cases. The arab spring and statesociety relationship in the arab world if one imagines that the arab spring marked the beginning of a new era of statesociety relationno.
The european union, its borderlands, and the arab spring raffaella a. Culture and society migrations the schengen crisis in. Contents eu mediterranean 4 relations before the arab spring the eu s response to 12 the arab spring consequences of the 15 arab spring for the future of euromediterranean partnership conclusion transitions toward democracy, it is time that the eu 20 author vera knoops. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia. This communication stresses the need for the eu to. Since its commencement during the upsurge of the arab spring. Additionally, these institutions have the ability to work with civil society 2011. The youth bulge and arab unemployment the arab world has been facing a demographic trap for nearly three decades.
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